選用(yong)適當的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)對(dui)超(chao)聲波清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)效(xiao)果(guo)影響較(jiao)大。超(chao)聲清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)的(de)作用(yong)機制主要(yao)(yao)是空化作用(yong),除物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)成分、油垢或機體自身的(de)機械雜質(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),選擇的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)必須(xu)考慮(lv)到清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)的(de)粘度和表(biao)(biao)面張力,才能起(qi)到空化作用(yong)。超(chao)聲清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)對(dui)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)要(yao)(yao)求很高,經常使用(yong)幾種不(bu)同的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)在不(bu)同的(de)槽中或依次進行,每一(yi)種清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)的(de)作用(yong)都不(bu)一(yi)樣。舉(ju)例來說,三氯(lv)乙(yi)烯、氫(qing)氧化鈉水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)、合成洗(xi)滌劑(ji)、水(shui)、酒精(jing)先(xian)后用(yong)來清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)光學(xue)元件(jian),丙酮(tong)及1*混合清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye),用(yong)來清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)半導體設備,用(yong)2*的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)和去離子水(shui),經過(guo)多(duo)次清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi),零件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面達到預期效(xiao)果(guo)。
最常見的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)就是將超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)浸入槽內,在(zai)含(han)有(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)槽內,由超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)換能器產生的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)振動(dong)由清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)槽底部(bu)輻(fu)射到(dao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)中。尤其適用(yong)于中小型(xing)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)。對大小、重量較大的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian),可采(cai)用(yong)局(ju)(ju)部(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa),即將零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)浸入清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)中清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),未清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)分(fen)浸在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)中,直至完全清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。另外一種方法(fa)是根據大尺寸(cun)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀及局(ju)(ju)部(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao),設(she)計特殊(shu)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)換能器,實現局(ju)(ju)部(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。對具有(you)嚴格清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian),在(zai)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)槽內采(cai)用(yong)多種不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)進行超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。另外,還可以使用(yong)其他的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方法(fa),例如(ru)加(jia)熱(re)浸洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等。對含(han)有(you)特厚油脂的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian),一般先用(yong)熱(re)浸洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)或高溫噴洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),再用(yong)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。對某些零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀過于復雜,如(ru)孔(kong)、孔(kong)角不一致等,可采(cai)用(yong)一次(ci)多次(ci)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),即在(zai)不同(tong)(tong)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頻率下清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。
清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液的超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)振動頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率對(dui)超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)效果有(you)很大(da)的影(ying)響(xiang),這是因為(wei)它對(dui)空化(hua)的影(ying)響(xiang)很大(da)。通常用在20kHz左右。約20kHz時(shi)(shi)容易產生(sheng)氣(qi)穴,清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)效果明顯。但是對(dui)表面要(yao)(yao)求高(gao)(gao)、孔徑或縫(feng)隙(xi)小(xiao)的產品,宜使用短波、能量集(ji)中的高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波清(qing)洗(xi)(xi),有(you)時(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率可達800KHz。但高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)振動在清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液中衰(shuai)減大(da),作(zuo)用距離短,空化(hua)強度(du)小(xiao),清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)效率低。另外,由于高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)指向(xiang)性引起的“陰影(ying)”區域,部分部件(jian)不能清(qing)潔。采(cai)用無頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率跟蹤超(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)裝置(zhi)時(shi)(shi),需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)發生(sheng)器(qi)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率進(jin)行調節(jie),使其輸(shu)出信(xin)號(hao)的頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率與傳感器(qi)的固有(you)振動頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率一(yi)致。這時(shi)(shi),空泡效應最強。清(qing)潔液中可見大(da)量積聚的白色物(wu)質。手指頭像一(yi)根針一(yi)樣。
高功率(lv)密(mi)度(du)的超(chao)聲清洗(xi)(xi)是(shi)提(ti)高超(chao)聲清洗(xi)(xi)效率(lv)的有(you)效途徑。然而(er)(er),功率(lv)密(mi)度(du)過(guo)高會由(you)于氣蝕過(guo)強而(er)(er)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)表面造成侵蝕(即氣蝕腐(fu)蝕),對(dui)(dui)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)造成損害,尤(you)其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)于有(you)各種涂層(ceng)的工(gong)件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)鋁(lv)及鋁(lv)合金工(gong)件(jian)(jian)。能量密(mi)度(du)過(guo)大也(ye)不會產生飽和效應。對(dui)(dui)油(you)污嚴(yan)重、形狀復雜、深孔盲孔的零件(jian)(jian),清洗(xi)(xi)槽要深、清洗(xi)(xi)液粘度(du)大、功率(lv)密(mi)度(du)大。高頻率(lv)超(chao)聲清洗(xi)(xi)功率(lv)密(mi)度(du)也(ye)很大。能量密(mi)度(du)可在用水或(huo)(huo)酒(jiu)精清洗(xi)(xi)或(huo)(huo)漂洗(xi)(xi)時降低。
由于清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)的(de)空化(hua)程度與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度有關(guan),溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)升高(gao)有利于汽蝕(shi),但蒸氣(qi)壓力也相(xiang)應增大。溫(wen)(wen)度過(guo)高(gao)會使氣(qi)穴減(jian)少。所以(yi)必(bi)須(xu)保持一(yi)定的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度范(fan)圍。例如水溶劑清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)一(yi)般在45℃左右(you),三氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)約75℃,水約60℃。對揮發性和易燃的(de)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye),溫(wen)(wen)度不宜(yi)過(guo)高(gao)。
超聲(sheng)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)的效(xiao)果和(he)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)取決于超聲(sheng)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。對于清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的要(yao)求(qiu),時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過短。但是,零件表(biao)面氣蝕腐蝕嚴重,從(cong)而影響零件的質量(liang)(liang)(liang),延長使(shi)用壽(shou)命,不(bu)(bu)僅降低生產效(xiao)率(lv)。油污(wu)染嚴重,形狀(zhuang)復雜的零件,清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)要(yao)長。不(bu)(bu)同涂層的鋁及鋁合金零件的清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)宜過長。一(yi)般說來,表(biao)面光潔度(du)高的零件的油污(wu)較少,清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)宜過長。特定的清(qing)(qing)潔時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)要(yao)通過實驗確定。
為改善清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)效果,并(bing)確保超(chao)聲波(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)裝置(zhi)的正(zheng)(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)(yong),部(bu)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)槽中的位置(zhi)應引(yin)起重視。開(kai)始,要(yao)避免在(zai)超(chao)聲振(zhen)動輻(fu)射面(mian)直接擠壓零(ling)件(jian)(jian),使(shi)輻(fu)射面(mian)無法產生預期(qi)的振(zhen)動,導致清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)裝置(zhi)無法正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作。對(dui)較重的部(bu)件(jian)(jian)尤其重要(yao)。部(bu)件(jian)(jian)由專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具(ju)吊在(zai)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)槽內,并(bing)盡(jin)可能接近表面(mian)。第二,關(guan)鍵的清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)位必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)準(zhun)超(chao)聲波(bo)源。三(san)是要(yao)考慮清(qing)(qing)潔后污物能夠順利排放。第四,使(shi)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)槽內的對(dui)流。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)循環連續補充(chong)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)的方法時,進液(ye)速度不宜過快,否則由于補充(chong)的清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)中氣(qi)體(ti)較多(duo),氣(qi)穴就會減弱。
在盲(mang)(mang)孔(kong)(kong)清(qing)洗時,應先在盲(mang)(mang)孔(kong)(kong)內(nei)注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)清(qing)洗液,然后(hou)將(jiang)盲(mang)(mang)孔(kong)(kong)對準超聲源。清(qing)潔時,要始終將(jiang)清(qing)洗液注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)孔(kong)(kong)內(nei),以達到顯著的效果。
超音波清洗槽(cao)應避免(mian)撞擊及快速冷(leng)卻(que)加熱(re),以免(mian)損壞(huai)與傳感器的(de)連接。對(dui)某些零件進(jin)行超聲(sheng)清洗時,應進(jin)行消磁處(chu)理,否則殘(can)余鐵屑不易清除。
超聲清(qing)洗質量檢查(cha)主要是檢查(cha)被清(qing)潔零件表面的污(wu)垢殘留。
廣東固(gu)特超(chao)聲股份(fen)有限公司現已成為(wei)集超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)應用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)研究、超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)機設備研發(fa)、生產、銷售和技(ji)術(shu)服務(wu)于一(yi)體的(de)(de)國家(jia)高新技(ji)術(shu)企業。公司在超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)行業中占(zhan)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)地(di)位,作為(wei)業界(jie)公認的(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)技(ji)術(shu)解決方案專(zhuan)家(jia),固特超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于2015年(nian)率先在新三板掛牌上市。是(shi)擁有(you)專(zhuan)業研發(fa)團隊的(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)機廠家(jia),率先提出健康家(jia)用(yong)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)機品類并開發(fa)了百款產品,是(shi)商用(yong)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)機、工業超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)機、超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環保設備尤其是(shi)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)除垢設備領域行業翹楚,擅(shan)長產業資本(ben)和金融(rong)資本(ben)的(de)(de)對接(jie),致力于成為(wei)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)綜(zong)合服務(wu)領軍(jun)企業。