圖1?通(tong)過(guo)式高壓噴淋清洗線(xian)（帶烘干）

像(xiang)汽車發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)缸體缸蓋通過式(shi)噴(pen)淋清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)設備(bei)在發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)生產(chan)線上是非常重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)設備(bei)，主要(yao)(yao)就是為(wei)了清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個零(ling)部(bu)件。在生活中有(you)車一(yi)(yi)(yi)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)考(kao)慮到(dao)，車開(kai)久了，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)缸體缸蓋怎么清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)？答案肯(ken)定是需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。只是一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)會(hui)有(you)人專(zhuan)門買(mai)(mai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)臺那(nei)么大的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)設備(bei)專(zhuan)門為(wei)了半年或一(yi)(yi)(yi)年一(yi)(yi)(yi)次清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)汽車缸體缸蓋等(deng)零(ling)配件。私人清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)案例一(yi)(yi)(yi)般是買(mai)(mai)比較小型的(de)(de)(de)(de)超聲(sheng)波清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)來清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)噴(pen)油(you)嘴、火(huo)花塞等(deng)比較容(rong)易拆卸的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)配件。如果需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)全面(mian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)零(ling)配件的(de)(de)(de)(de)，通常是送到(dao)專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車美(mei)容(rong)店進行專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。所以一(yi)(yi)(yi)般會(hui)購買(mai)(mai)超聲(sheng)波清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)汽修店、汽車美(mei)容(rong)店或汽車發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)生產(chan)廠家等(deng)。

以上(shang)是題外話，本(ben)文主要是著重對缸體缸蓋的最終清洗機每個工位的功(gong)能以及(ji)作用進行詳(xiang)細的分析。

圖2?通(tong)過式高壓噴淋清(qing)洗線(xian)（帶烘干）

1.清(qing)洗(xi)機概述

清(qing)洗機(ji)分為(wei)三種(zhong)，通(tong)常分為(wei)中間清(qing)洗機(ji)、CMM清(qing)洗機(ji)以及最(zui)終清(qing)洗機(ji)。而在(zai)下文會著重分析發動機(ji)缸(gang)體缸(gang)蓋的(de)最(zui)終清(qing)洗機(ji)的(de)相關(guan)功(gong)能以及作用。

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2.缸(gang)體缸(gang)蓋最終清洗機各個工位(wei)的功(gong)能及(ji)作用

2.1浪涌清洗(xi)工(gong)位(wei)

工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)通過機動(dong)滾道進(jin)入到(dao)本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)涌(yong)水(shui)箱中，有(you)(you)到(dao)位(wei)(wei)裝置被設置在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)裝置上(shang)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)是否(fou)到(dao)位(wei)(wei)進(jin)行(xing)檢測，同時發令，停(ting)止滾道的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)，關閉(bi)浪(lang)涌(yong)水(shui)箱的(de)(de)(de)插門(men)。有(you)(you)浪(lang)涌(yong)儲水(shui)箱被配(pei)備在(zai)這個工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)當(dang)中，打開浪(lang)涌(yong)清(qing)洗泵(beng)電磁閥(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，供水(shui)到(dao)浪(lang)涌(yong)水(shui)箱內(nei)(nei)，在(zai)供水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作完畢之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)減速機驅動(dong)鼓輪(lun)回轉裝置就(jiu)會旋(xuan)轉工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)270度(du)，固定攪水(shui)噴嘴(zui)就(jiu)會噴水(shui)，通過膠水(shui)噴嘴(zui)以(yi)(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)旋(xuan)轉的(de)(de)(de)攪水(shui)，就(jiu)會讓水(shui)紊流和翻騰，就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)利用涮(shuan)洗功(gong)能(neng)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)表面(mian)以(yi)(yi)及水(shui)道腔(qiang)進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)洗；在(zai)完成清(qing)洗之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，將排水(shui)插門(men)打開，進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)水(shui)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)不斷進(jin)行(xing)倒(dao)水(shui)操作，這樣(yang)就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)讓下一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)吹干工(gong)(gong)(gong)作更(geng)加方便的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)，然后(hou)打開出料插門(men)，輸(shu)(shu)送(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)到(dao)下一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)上(shang)。

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2.2升降清洗工(gong)位

在(zai)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)完成浪涌(yong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)位(wei)的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)之后(hou)，就會(hui)進入到升(sheng)降清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)位(wei)當中，到位(wei)檢測(ce)開關檢測(ce)到工(gong)件(jian)(jian)之后(hou)就會(hui)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)滾道，同時(shi)伸出止(zhi)回器，根據PLC的(de)指(zhi)令讓噴嘴和(he)水(shui)箱進行有(you)規律的(de)升(sheng)降運動，清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)三(san)面的(de)表面和(he)孔隙。為了讓清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)效(xiao)果能夠得(de)到保證，水(shui)箱會(hui)不斷的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)和(he)下降來(lai)進行清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)這樣的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)循環過幾次之后(hou)，就會(hui)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)水(shui)箱的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)。

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2.3橫移(yi)清洗(xi)工(gong)位(wei)

在工(gong)(gong)(gong)件完成了(le)升降(jiang)清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)(gong)位的清(qing)(qing)洗之后就會(hui)(hui)進(jin)入到(dao)(dao)橫(heng)(heng)移(yi)清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)(gong)位當中(zhong)，到(dao)(dao)位檢測(ce)開(kai)關(guan)檢測(ce)到(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件之后就會(hui)(hui)落(luo)下兩端的插門，PLC會(hui)(hui)發出指(zhi)令，讓滾道在減速機的帶動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)用(yong)下對噴嘴和(he)驅動(dong)(dong)水(shui)箱(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)橫(heng)(heng)移(yi)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)(gong)件三面的表面和(he)孔隙。為了(le)讓清(qing)(qing)洗效(xiao)果得到(dao)(dao)保證，水(shui)箱(xiang)的橫(heng)(heng)移(yi)會(hui)(hui)不斷的循(xun)環(huan)。在循(xun)環(huan)的次數達到(dao)(dao)了(le)規定的次數之后，就會(hui)(hui)停止水(shui)箱(xiang)的橫(heng)(heng)移(yi)。

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2.4升降吹干工位

在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)完(wan)成了(le)以上幾項清洗工(gong)(gong)(gong)位的清洗之后(hou)(hou)，就會進(jin)入(ru)到升(sheng)降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位當中(zhong)，這時候(hou)(hou)會有(you)大量的水漬殘留在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的表面(mian)上。升(sheng)降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)利用(yong)了(le)壓(ya)縮的空氣，這樣就能夠讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)進(jin)入(ru)下(xia)(xia)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序或者(zhe)入(ru)庫管(guan)理更加的方便和快捷。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)進(jin)入(ru)到升(sheng)降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位之后(hou)(hou)，到位檢(jian)測開(kai)關檢(jian)測到工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，停止(zhi)滾道(dao)的運作(zuo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)夾(jia)緊機構夾(jia)緊好(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，關閉(bi)插(cha)門，前后(hou)(hou)吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)氣箱和上下(xia)(xia)吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)氣箱對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)往復的吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)操作(zuo)，在(zai)下(xia)(xia)降到最低位的時候(hou)(hou)稍作(zuo)停頓，用(yong)來對(dui)重點(dian)孔(kong)系進(jin)行(xing)定點(dian)的吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的前后(hou)(hou)表面(mian)則通過升(sheng)降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)來進(jin)行(xing)；通過不同吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)氣箱的協作(zuo)來完(wan)成對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。

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2.5真空干燥工(gong)位(wei)

最終清(qing)洗機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)，真空干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)是(shi)特別(bie)加入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)，原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)最終清(qing)洗機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擺放位(wei)置通(tong)常是(shi)在(zai)發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完全之后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置，為(wei)讓(rang)讓(rang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)儲存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程當(dang)中(zhong)不會(hui)發(fa)生生銹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入庫儲存(cun)對于發(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)度要(yao)求非常高。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)經過(guo)(guo)升降吹干(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)之后(hou)(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內腔還是(shi)會(hui)存(cun)在(zai)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)漬。因(yin)此真空干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能就是(shi)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)留(liu)水(shui)漬進行干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)，讓(rang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)能夠完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)離開升降吹干(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)之后(hou)(hou)進入到(dao)真空室內，檢測到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)位(wei)之后(hou)(hou)伸出止(zhi)回器(qi)和(he)擋(dang)料(liao)器(qi)，停止(zhi)滾道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運作。分離離合器(qi)，關閉兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)插門讓(rang)真空室形成一(yi)個(ge)密(mi)閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔體。真空泵組對真空口進行抽出，將(jiang)水(shui)汽抽掉，降低箱體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力降，快速汽化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上附著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)留(liu)水(shui)漬。在(zai)完成干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)之后(hou)(hou)，打開前(qian)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)插門門板(ban)，輸送(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)下一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)當(dang)中(zhong)。

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2.6輔(fu)助水箱及刮板排(pai)屑工位

輔助(zhu)(zhu)水箱及刮(gua)板(ban)排(pai)屑(xie)工(gong)位的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)就是對清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)進行儲存，來(lai)對各(ge)個(ge)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)位的(de)使用(yong)進行供應。輔助(zhu)(zhu)水箱分成兩個(ge)部分，分別是污液(ye)(ye)(ye)箱和凈(jing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)箱，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)泵將(jiang)凈(jing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)箱里面的(de)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)泵到各(ge)個(ge)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)位上，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)在清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)位的(de)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)完成之后(hou)就會回到污液(ye)(ye)(ye)箱內，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)滾(gun)筒來(lai)連接兩腔，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)滾(gun)筒的(de)旋轉由電機(ji)來(lai)帶(dai)(dai)動，有(you)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)網在滾(gun)筒上，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)網的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)之后(hou)重新流入(ru)(ru)到凈(jing)水箱當中，用(yong)來(lai)進行下一輪的(de)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)工(gong)作(zuo)，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)滾(gun)筒通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電機(ji)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)動也帶(dai)(dai)動了排(pai)屑(xie)刮(gua)板(ban)將(jiang)雜質帶(dai)(dai)入(ru)(ru)運屑(xie)車當中。在輔助(zhu)(zhu)水箱上，有(you)三個(ge)液(ye)(ye)(ye)位發令開(kai)關，用(yong)來(lai)控制機(ji)床的(de)加(jia)液(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)作(zuo)。

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