圖1?通過式高壓噴(pen)淋清(qing)洗線（帶烘(hong)干）

像汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)缸體(ti)缸蓋(gai)通(tong)過式(shi)噴(pen)淋清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)這一(yi)(yi)類的(de)(de)大(da)型清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)設(she)(she)備(bei)在發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)生產線上是非常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助設(she)(she)備(bei)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)就是為了(le)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)每個零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部件(jian)(jian)。在生活(huo)中有(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)族的(de)(de)可能會(hui)考慮(lv)到，車(che)(che)(che)(che)開久了(le)，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)缸體(ti)缸蓋(gai)怎么清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，需(xu)不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)？答(da)案(an)肯定(ding)是需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。只是一(yi)(yi)般不會(hui)有(you)人專門買一(yi)(yi)臺那么大(da)的(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)設(she)(she)備(bei)專門為了(le)半年或一(yi)(yi)年一(yi)(yi)次清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)缸體(ti)缸蓋(gai)等零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)(jian)。私(si)人清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)案(an)例一(yi)(yi)般是買比較(jiao)小型的(de)(de)超(chao)聲波清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)來清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)噴(pen)油嘴、火花塞等比較(jiao)容(rong)易拆(chai)卸的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)(jian)。如果(guo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)面清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)，通(tong)常是送到專門的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)美(mei)(mei)容(rong)店進行專業的(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。所以一(yi)(yi)般會(hui)購買超(chao)聲波清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)有(you)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)店、汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)美(mei)(mei)容(rong)店或汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)生產廠家等。

以上是(shi)題外(wai)話，本文主要(yao)是(shi)著重對缸體缸蓋(gai)的(de)最終清洗機每個(ge)工位的(de)功能(neng)以及作用進(jin)行詳細的(de)分析。

圖2?通過式高壓(ya)噴(pen)淋清洗線（帶烘(hong)干(gan)）

1.清洗(xi)機概(gai)述

清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)分為(wei)三種，通常分為(wei)中間清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)、CMM清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)以及最(zui)(zui)終清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)。而在下文會著重分析(xi)發動機(ji)缸體(ti)缸蓋(gai)的最(zui)(zui)終清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)的相關(guan)功能(neng)以及作用。

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2.缸體缸蓋最終清洗機(ji)各個工位的功能及(ji)作用

2.1浪涌清洗工位

工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)通(tong)過(guo)機(ji)動滾(gun)(gun)道進(jin)入(ru)到本工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)的(de)浪涌水(shui)(shui)箱中，有(you)到位(wei)裝置(zhi)被設置(zhi)在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)裝置(zhi)上(shang)，對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)是否到位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)檢測，同時發令，停止(zhi)滾(gun)(gun)道的(de)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)，關閉浪涌水(shui)(shui)箱的(de)插門。有(you)浪涌儲水(shui)(shui)箱被配備在(zai)這個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)當中，打開浪涌清洗(xi)(xi)泵電磁閥之(zhi)后，供水(shui)(shui)到浪涌水(shui)(shui)箱內(nei)，在(zai)供水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)完畢之(zhi)后減(jian)速機(ji)驅動鼓(gu)輪回轉(zhuan)裝置(zhi)就會(hui)旋轉(zhuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)270度，固定攪(jiao)水(shui)(shui)噴嘴(zui)(zui)就會(hui)噴水(shui)(shui)，通(tong)過(guo)膠水(shui)(shui)噴嘴(zui)(zui)以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)旋轉(zhuan)的(de)攪(jiao)水(shui)(shui)，就會(hui)讓水(shui)(shui)紊(wen)流和翻騰(teng)，就可以(yi)利(li)用涮(shuan)洗(xi)(xi)功能對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)內(nei)表(biao)面以(yi)及水(shui)(shui)道腔進(jin)行(xing)清洗(xi)(xi)；在(zai)完成(cheng)清洗(xi)(xi)之(zhi)后，將(jiang)排水(shui)(shui)插門打開，進(jin)行(xing)防水(shui)(shui)，對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)不斷進(jin)行(xing)倒水(shui)(shui)操作(zuo)，這樣就能夠讓下一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)的(de)吹干工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)更加(jia)方便(bian)的(de)進(jin)行(xing)，然后打開出(chu)料插門，輸(shu)(shu)送(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)到下一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)上(shang)。

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2.2升(sheng)降清洗工(gong)位

在工(gong)(gong)件(jian)完成浪涌(yong)清洗工(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清洗之后，就會(hui)進入到(dao)升(sheng)降(jiang)清洗工(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)當中，到(dao)位(wei)(wei)檢測開關檢測到(dao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)之后就會(hui)停(ting)止(zhi)滾道，同時(shi)伸(shen)出(chu)止(zhi)回(hui)器，根據(ju)PLC的(de)(de)(de)(de)指令讓(rang)噴嘴和(he)水(shui)箱進行有規(gui)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)降(jiang)運(yun)動，清洗工(gong)(gong)件(jian)三面的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面和(he)孔隙。為了(le)讓(rang)清洗效果能夠得(de)到(dao)保證，水(shui)箱會(hui)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)和(he)下降(jiang)來進行清洗的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)循環過幾次之后，就會(hui)停(ting)止(zhi)水(shui)箱的(de)(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)。

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2.3橫移清洗(xi)工位

在(zai)工件(jian)完成(cheng)了升降清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)工位的(de)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)之(zhi)后就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)進入到橫(heng)移(yi)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)工位當中，到位檢測開關(guan)檢測到工件(jian)之(zhi)后就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)落下(xia)兩端的(de)插門，PLC會(hui)(hui)發出(chu)指令，讓滾道在(zai)減速機的(de)帶動(dong)作用下(xia)對噴嘴和驅(qu)動(dong)水(shui)箱進行橫(heng)移(yi)運(yun)動(dong)，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)工件(jian)三面(mian)的(de)表面(mian)和孔(kong)隙。為了讓清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)效果得到保證，水(shui)箱的(de)橫(heng)移(yi)會(hui)(hui)不斷(duan)的(de)循(xun)環。在(zai)循(xun)環的(de)次數達到了規定(ding)的(de)次數之(zhi)后，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)停止水(shui)箱的(de)橫(heng)移(yi)。

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2.4升降吹干工位

在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)完成了以上幾項清洗(xi)(xi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)清洗(xi)(xi)之后，就會進(jin)(jin)(jin)入到(dao)(dao)升降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)當中，這(zhe)時(shi)候會有大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)水漬殘留在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面上。升降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)利(li)用(yong)了壓縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)，這(zhe)樣就能(neng)夠讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入下一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序或者入庫管理更加的(de)(de)(de)方便和快捷。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入到(dao)(dao)升降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)之后，到(dao)(dao)位(wei)檢測開關檢測到(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，停止滾道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)運作，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)夾(jia)緊(jin)機(ji)構(gou)夾(jia)緊(jin)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，關閉插門，前后吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)氣(qi)箱和上下吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)氣(qi)箱對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行往復的(de)(de)(de)吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)操作，在(zai)下降到(dao)(dao)最低位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候稍作停頓，用(yong)來(lai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)重點孔系進(jin)(jin)(jin)行定(ding)點的(de)(de)(de)吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)前后表(biao)面則通(tong)過升降吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)來(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行；通(tong)過不同吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)氣(qi)箱的(de)(de)(de)協作來(lai)完成對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)吹(chui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。

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2.5真空干燥(zao)工位

最(zui)終清洗(xi)機(ji)當(dang)中，真空(kong)干燥(zao)是特(te)別(bie)加(jia)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)干燥(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位，原因(yin)是最(zui)終清洗(xi)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擺放位置通常是在(zai)發動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完全之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，為讓讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程當(dang)中不會(hui)發生生銹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，發動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入庫儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)對(dui)于發動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體干燥(zao)度要求非常高。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)經過升降(jiang)(jiang)吹(chui)干工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位之(zhi)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內腔還是會(hui)存(cun)在(zai)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)漬。因(yin)此真空(kong)干燥(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)就是對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘留水(shui)漬進(jin)行(xing)干燥(zao)，讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)能(neng)夠完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干燥(zao)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)離開升降(jiang)(jiang)吹(chui)干工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位之(zhi)后(hou)進(jin)入到(dao)真空(kong)室內，檢(jian)測到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)位之(zhi)后(hou)伸出止(zhi)回器和擋料器，停止(zhi)滾道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運作。分離離合器，關閉兩(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)插(cha)(cha)門讓真空(kong)室形成(cheng)一個(ge)密閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔體。真空(kong)泵(beng)組對(dui)真空(kong)口進(jin)行(xing)抽出，將水(shui)汽(qi)(qi)抽掉，降(jiang)(jiang)低箱體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力降(jiang)(jiang)，快速(su)汽(qi)(qi)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)上附(fu)著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘留水(shui)漬。在(zai)完成(cheng)干燥(zao)之(zhi)后(hou)，打開前后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)插(cha)(cha)門門板，輸(shu)送工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)到(dao)下(xia)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位當(dang)中。

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2.6輔助水箱及刮(gua)板排屑工位

輔助(zhu)水箱(xiang)及刮板(ban)排屑(xie)(xie)工(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)就(jiu)是(shi)對清(qing)(qing)洗液(ye)(ye)進行儲存，來(lai)(lai)對各個(ge)清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)進行供(gong)應。輔助(zhu)水箱(xiang)分成兩(liang)個(ge)部分，分別是(shi)污液(ye)(ye)箱(xiang)和(he)凈液(ye)(ye)箱(xiang)，清(qing)(qing)洗泵將凈液(ye)(ye)箱(xiang)里面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)洗液(ye)(ye)泵到各個(ge)清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)上，清(qing)(qing)洗液(ye)(ye)在清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)洗完(wan)成之(zhi)后(hou)就(jiu)會回到污液(ye)(ye)箱(xiang)內，通過過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)滾筒(tong)來(lai)(lai)連接兩(liang)腔，過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)滾筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋轉由(you)電機來(lai)(lai)帶動(dong)，有過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)網(wang)在滾筒(tong)上，清(qing)(qing)洗液(ye)(ye)經過過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)后(hou)重新流入(ru)到凈水箱(xiang)當(dang)中，用(yong)來(lai)(lai)進行下一輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)洗工(gong)(gong)作，過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)滾筒(tong)通過電機的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)也帶動(dong)了排屑(xie)(xie)刮板(ban)將雜質(zhi)帶入(ru)運屑(xie)(xie)車當(dang)中。在輔助(zhu)水箱(xiang)上，有三個(ge)液(ye)(ye)位(wei)(wei)發(fa)令開關，用(yong)來(lai)(lai)控制機床的(de)(de)(de)(de)加液(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作。

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